For a given retirement age, the same economic and political effects described in Section 3.1 emerge, leading to an increase in the contribution rate — although the impact on the pension benefits is uncertain. Aging of the population affects all aspects of the society including health, social security, education, socio-cultural activities, family life and the labor market. Aging decreases the profitability of a PAYG social security system, also in this environment. . 16. A political generation is a group of individuals, similar in age, who share a general set of political socialization experiences leading to the development of shared political orientations that distinguish them from other age groups in society. The document breaks down political participation into two categories: (1) conventional participation including voting, donating money, writing letters, joining an interest group, and more; and (2) unconventional participation including protesting, boycotting, rioting, and more. Societal aging can affect economic growth, patterns of work and retirement, the way that families function, the ability of governments and communities to provide adequate resources for older adults, and the prevalence of chronic disease and disability. ." that aging persons "may become less attuned to the issues that are of central importance in the society. ' The "interaction" effect is that part of the total change in participation not explained by the other two variables. 17. However, our findings also show the importance of cohort or generational effects (i.e. The amount of change in participation attributable to changes in age-specific participation rates is derived by first computing participation rates for single-years-of-age between age 55 and 74 and for age 75 and over. In a next step, the theoretically expected effects of population ageing on a country’s current account can be combined with the predicted demographic developments of the coming decades. that growing up during a certain economic or political context does matter for policy preferences). Our results suggest that aging societies may be more likely to support cuts to education spending and increases to pensions and fighting crime. Comment on how Americans’ lack of political knowledge and low participation rate affects democracy. Randomly ask students to read the categories in the handout aloud. Empowerment and political participation of older generations varies significantly across countries. Regarding the latter, a decline in the young population of working age lowers the labour force participation rate, leading to a rise in the proportion of retired people. (Gergen and Back, 1966:387). People of a similar age tend to be exposed to shared historical, social, and political stimuli. . 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