haiti earthquake damage

| Inside Disaster: Haiti "[3] The earthquake also destroyed a nursing school in the capital, one of three such schools in the country, and severely damaged the country's primary midwifery school that provided essential training necessary to reduce Haiti's maternal mortality rate, which is one of the highest in the world. U.S.-based Hanesbrands Inc. reported that three of its four factories had been affected by the quake, with one facility substantially damaged. It was operational by 14 January, but the volume of calls overwhelmed its capacity and most calls could not be connected. We provide an overview of the historical, seismological, geotechnical, structural, lifeline-related, and socioeco- nomic factors that contributed to the catastrophe. With its epicenter in Leogane, approximately 25 km west of the capital Port-au-Prince, the initial 7.0 earthquake struck at 2:53 local time. The report cited the absence of cholera in Haiti during the previous decade and the emergence of a parallel outbreak of cholera in Kathmandu, the city from which the troops had departed Nepal. Originally slated for December 2015, the runoff was canceled. The Haitian government’s official count was more than 300,000, but other estimates were considerably smaller. [45], Buildings shook in Santo Domingo, the capital of the neighboring Dominican Republic, but no major damage was reported there. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. However, when no surface deformation was observed, the rupturing of the main strand of the fault system was ruled out as a cause. The many Haitians lacking Internet access were able to contribute updates via text messaging on mobile phones. However, there were still occasional recoveries of people who had managed to survive such confinement for weeks by rationing the meagre supplies available to them. The densely populated region around Port-au-Prince, located on the Gulf of Gonâve, was among those most heavily affected. Critics noted, however, that the proposed financial scheme for the project hinged largely on previously promised monies not yet in hand. [42] The Palm Apparel factory complex in Port-au-Prince reported that 500 of its 1800 employees were killed when one of its buildings collapsed. [21] Select from premium Haiti Earthquake Damage of the highest quality. A 2016 report by the organization Doctors Without Borders claimed that cases of cholera had likely been significantly underreported. In December 2012 the UN, while not acknowledging that its troops had been vectors of the disease, announced that it would fund a program proposed by the governments of Haiti and the Dominican Republic to rid Hispaniola of cholera by instituting new sanitation and vaccination measures. Survivors who were able to access the Internet—and friends and relatives abroad—took to social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook in search of information on those missing in the wake of the catastrophe. The earthquake was generated by contractional deformation along the Léogâne fault, a small hidden thrust fault discovered underneath the city of Léogâne. Omissions? [1] The deputy mayor of Léogâne, which was at the epicenter of the earthquake, reported that 90% percent of the buildings in that city had been destroyed and Léogâne had "to be totally rebuilt. Haiti’s parliament was dissolved in January 2015, having lost its mandate to govern. The damaged National Palace in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, after the earthquake that occurred on January 12, 2010. In Port-au-Prince the cathedral and the National Palace were both heavily damaged, as were the United Nations headquarters, national penitentiary, and parliament building. More aftershocks occurred in the following days, including another one of magnitude 5.9 that struck on January 20 at Petit Goâve, a town some 35 miles (55 km) west of Port-au-Prince. An aerial view of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on January 13, 2010, from a U.S. Coast Guard aircraft, following the 7.0-magnitude earthquake that occurred the previous day. Tremors, cracks in walls, and collapsed homes bring reminders of the potential damage and loss caused by earthquakes. Others crowded into undamaged homes owned by extended family members or friends or returned to damaged structures, more than 200,000 of which were either marked for demolition or required major repairs. Find the perfect Haiti Earthquake Damage stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The earthquake had many lasting effects throughout Haiti, one of which was the damage caused to its economy. The earthquake hit at 4:53 pm some 15 miles (25 km) southwest of the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince. "[38] City officials including Mayor Jean Yves Jason were left without facilities in which to conduct official business or coordinate recovery efforts. The U.S. Department of Justice asserted that the UN was immune from prosecution in 2014. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was a research editor with Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. from 2008 to 2016 and worked on Britannica Blog from 2010... People picking through the rubble of their home after it was destroyed by a massive earthquake on January 12, 2010, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. [citation needed]. Compounding the problems in the increasingly disorganized encampments within Port-au-Prince was the return of many people who, months before, had initially retreated to the countryside only to find little opportunity for employment. To be honest, I don't know why it hasn't been done. [31] Some of the escaped convicts were reported to have stolen official uniforms, vehicles, and weapons, after starting fires and killing four guards during the breakout. [49] That day, 180 flights were handled at the airport according to Lieutenant General Ken Keen, commander of the U.S. joint task force assisting in Haiti. The deputy mayor of Léogâne, which was at the epicenter of the earthquake, reported that 90% percent of the buildings in that city had been destroyed and Léogâne had … Haiti: Haiti in the 21st century 12, 2010, when a devastating earthquake southwest of Port-au-Prince resulted in massive damage and considerable loss of life in the capital and surrounding region. The following year the UN finally admitted to playing a role in starting the epidemic, though it did not say that the organization had caused the outbreak. The EPG fault system makes up a transform boundary that separates the Gonâve microplate—the fragment of the North American Plate upon which Haiti is situated—from the Caribbean Plate. (CNN) At least 10 people were killed after a magnitude 5.9 earthquake struck near Haiti on Saturday night, according to Haiti's civil protection agency. Conditions were further exacerbated by damage to crops and settlements by tropical weather events, notably Superstorm Sandy in October 2012. RSF also reported that 12 radio stations in the southwestern town of Petit-Goâve and five of Léogâne's nine stations were badly damaged. [22] The UN mission's station, Radio Minustah, was disabled by the quake, but returned to the air on 18 January. [5], The quake affected the three Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) medical facilities around Port-au-Prince, causing one to collapse completely. [51] That day the United States was formally granted temporary control of the airport per a memorandum of understanding signed by the Haitian Prime Minister. Damages are estimated for a disaster with both 200,000 and 250,000 total dead and missing (i.e., the range of mortality that the earthquake is estimated to have Officials from the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) later acknowledged inconsistencies in data acquisition. [20] The stations that were completely destroyed include Radio TV Ginen, Radio Soleil, Radio Ibo and Tropic FM. Find the perfect Haiti Earthquake Damage stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Woman sitting by what was once her house, that collapsed Strong aftershocks hit the area within hours of the initial quake. RADIUS is applied on … The shocks were felt throughout Haiti and the Dominican Republic as well as in parts of nearby Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. [49], As of January 14, dozens of cargo planes were landing and taking off, but regular scheduled commercial air service ceased. Select from premium Haiti Earthquake Damage of the highest quality. As the hypocenter or focus of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on January 12 was shallow (6 miles) and very near, Toussaint Louverture International Airport was damaged. The initial shock registered a magnitude of 7.0 and was soon followed by two aftershocks of magnitudes 5.9 and 5.5. [32], The headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) at Christopher Hotel [33] and offices of the World Bank were destroyed. 2010 Haiti earthquake, large-scale earthquake that occurred January 12, 2010, on the West Indian island of Hispaniola, comprising the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. On January 15, heavy traffic to the airport forced the Federal Aviation Administration's Air Traffic Control System Command Center to issue a ground stop for all aircraft trying to leave the U.S. for Haitian airspace due to limited space and lack of fuel at Haiti airport. Suspicion that Nepalese UN peacekeeping forces stationed near the river were the likely source of the outbreak was validated by the leak of a report by a French epidemiologist in December. Without adequate reinforcement, the buildings disintegrated under the force of the quake, killing or trapping their occupants. That number dropped to about 360,000 by the third anniversary. In an October 2015 letter to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, a group of UN human rights experts excoriated the body for using legal loopholes to avoid taking responsibility for the epidemic and thereby undermining its own credibility. [43], The Haitian art world also suffered great losses. Seen via satellite on the morning of Wednesday, January 13, 2010, earthquake victims—dead and alive—crowd streets and Stade Sylvio Cator (right), home to Haiti's national soccer team. Problems had been compounded by pilots inbound to the airport canceling instrument flight rules operation and proceeding on visual flight rules. [20] The Committee to Protect Journalists reported that several other stations, including Melodie FM, Radio Caraïbes, Signal FM, and Radio Métropole, continued to operate. 5 For example, on January 20, 2010, more than a … 4 Mary Beth Sheridan, “Haiti earthquake damage estimated up to $14 billion,” Washington Post, February 17, 2010. Why Was the Destruction So Severe? [4], Amongst the widespread devastation and damage throughout Port-au-Prince and elsewhere, vital infrastructure necessary to respond to the disaster was severely damaged or destroyed. About half the nation's 15,000 primary schools and 1,500 secondary schools were affected by the earthquake and the three main universities in Port-au-Prince were also "almost totally destroyed. Earthquake survivors reaching for water being distributed by U.S. Navy personnel in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, January 16, 2010. [39] Various Catholic religious institutes reported the destruction and damage of churches, schools and offices. The river—the longest on the island and a major source of drinking water there—had been contaminated with fecal matter carrying a South Asian strain of cholera bacteria. Haiti had not been hit by an earthquake of such enormity since the 18th century, the closest in force being a 1984 shock of magnitude 6.9. Find the perfect Haiti Earthquake Damage stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Farther south the city of Jacmel also sustained significant damage, and to the west the city of Léogâne, even closer to the epicentre than Port-au-Prince, was essentially leveled. Due to this infrastructure damage and loss of organizational structures, a spokeswoman from the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs called it as one of the worst disaster the United Nations (UN) had ever confronted. [38], Minister of Education Joel Jean-Pierre stated that the education system had "totally collapsed". The earthquake that devastated Haiti Tuesday was the strongest temblor to hit the island nation in more than 200 years. [36] Despite the official search being called off, as of 24 January teams were continuing to look for survivors at the Montana. Map of Haiti depicting the intensity of shaking and the degree of damage incurred by the January 12, 2010, earthquake. Efforts to level the worst such buildings, some of which precariously gripped the rims of ravines, were hampered by irate residents who refused to leave. Select from premium Haiti Earthquake Damage of the highest quality. Feeds from these sites also assisted aid organizations in constructing maps of the areas affected and in determining where to channel resources. He described damage done by an earthquake in 1751, writing that "only one masonry building had not collapsed" in Port-au-Prince; he also wrote that the "whole city collapsed" in the 1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake. Scientist initially pointed to the well-known Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGFZ), a system of strike-slip faults that make up the Gonâve microplate - Caribbean plate boundary and were overdue for an earthquake. The decrease was partly due to a Canadian-sponsored program that provided grants to some of the nearly 30,000 residents of the most-conspicuous camp—located near the collapsed presidential palace on the Champs de Mars—which allowed them to find rental housing or repair existing structures. Operations to rescue those trapped under the wreckage—which had freed over 100 people—had mostly ceased two weeks into the crisis, as hope that anyone could have survived for that length of time without food or water began to fade. 2010 Haiti earthquake, large-scale earthquake that occurred January 12, 2010, on the West Indian island of Hispaniola, comprising the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic. On April 21 it was announced that Martelly had won the election with some two-thirds of the vote. Richard Pallardy received a B.A. Because the infrastructure of the country’s computer network was largely unaffected, electronic media emerged as a useful mode for connecting those separated by the quake and for coordinating relief efforts. Composed of the personal collection of Georges Nader Sr., the Nader collection was worth an estimated US$30-US$100 million. Given the difficulty of observing documentation procedures in the rush to dispose of the dead, it was considered unlikely that a definitive total would ever be established. [44] Some private art galleries were also severely damaged, including the Monnin Gallery in Pétion-Ville,[44] and the Nader Art Gallery and Musée Nader in Port-au-Prince. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Updates? "[2] Many notable landmark buildings were significantly damaged or destroyed, including the Presidential Palace, the National Assembly building, the Port-au-Prince Cathedral, and the main jail. Meantime, some inbound travelers were reaching Haiti by flying to neighboring Dominican Republic, primarily Las Américas International Airport in Santo Domingo, and then traveling overland.[50]. A man carrying a child suffering from cholera to a treatment centre in Mirebalais, Haiti, June 2011. Following the establishment of the new parliament in January 2016, Martelly agreed to leave office in February, and an interim president was sworn in that month. The offices of the capital's two leading newspapers, Le Nouvelliste and Le Matin, were not severely damaged, but for more than a week after the earthquake they were unable to print. Keywords: Haiti earthquake, damage assessment, damage classification, reconstruction, 1 INTRODUCTION The catastrophic 2010 Haiti Earthquake has had a tragic effect on the lives of more than 3 million people. It would take half a day to make a trip of a few miles. [48] Their ATC set-up consisted of a folding table near the runway and handheld transceivers, and a motorcycle to guide aircraft to parking zones. The magnitude 7.0 earthquake that hit Haiti in Jan. 12, 2010, left 220,000 people dead, 300,000 injured and rubble nearly everywhere. Corrections? [12] Reported damage to the seaport included the collapse of cranes and containers into the water, structural damage to the pier, waterfront quay areas collapsing into the water with crevassing and slumping of level waterfront ship-unloading dock-work areas, container cranes leaning because of ground subsidence, and an oil spill, rendering the harbor unusable for immediate rescue operations. Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake was extensive and affected areas included Port-au-Prince, Petit-Goâve, Léogâne, Jacmel and other settlements in southwestern Haiti. Woman sitting by what was once her house, that collapsed By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [10], The quake seriously damaged the control tower at Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport[11] and the Port-au-Prince seaport. Other affected areas of the country—faced with comparable weaknesses—were similarly unprepared. The runway, the taxiways and the apron of the airport remained operational, but radio communications were not possible because the control tower was extensively damaged. It was estimated that some three million people were affected by the quake—nearly one-third of the country’s total population. When asked why the road had not been opened, Hazem el-Zein, head of the south-east division of the UN World Food Programme said that "We ask the same questions to the people in charge...They promise rapid response. Because many hospitals had been rendered unusable, survivors were forced to wait days for treatment and, with morgues quickly reaching capacity, corpses were stacked in the streets. Though adoptions of Haitian children by foreign nationals—particularly in the United States—were expedited, the process was slowed by the efforts of Haitian and foreign authorities to ensure that the children did not have living relatives, as orphanages had often temporarily accommodated the children of the destitute. "[9], There was considerable damage to communications infrastructure. The public telephone system was not available,[13] and Haiti's largest cellular telephone provider, Digicel, suffered damage to its network. In the aftermath of the quake, efforts by citizens and international aid organizations to provide medical assistance, food, and water to survivors were hampered by the failure of the electric power system (which already was unreliable), loss of communication lines, and roads blocked with debris. [46] UN Peacekeeping forces had also moved quickly to secure the airport, thus allowing international rescue and aid forces to start their work. Although that area was cleared by July 2012, countrywide some 500 camps still remained at the end of the year. In the area you have selected (Haiti) earthquake hazard is classified as medium according to the information that is currently available. The extent of the devastation is still unclear but there are fears thousands of people may have died. A woman walking down a devastated street in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, January 20, 2010. Further deaths occurred as serious injuries went untreated in the absence of medical staff and supplies. Geologists initially blamed the earthquake on the movement of the Caribbean tectonic plate eastward along the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden (EPG) strike-slip fault system. In the devastated urban areas, the displaced were forced to squat in ersatz cities composed of found materials and donated tents. The epidemic reached the tent cities of Port-au-Prince in November 2010, and by 2016 it had sickened some 770,000 people and proved fatal to more than 9,200. [38] Port-au-Prince had no municipal petrol reserves and few city officials had working mobile phones before the earthquake, complicating communications and transportation. The earthquake struck Haiti before 5pm and was centered about 10 miles South East of Port-au-Prince, which is the capital city of Haiti.. Museums and art galleries were extensively damaged, among them Port-au-Prince's main art museum, Centre d'Art, where many art works were destroyed. [37], Most of Port-au-Prince's municipal government buildings were destroyed or heavily damaged in the earthquake, including the City Hall, which was described by The Washington Post as, "a skeletal hulk of concrete and stucco, sagging grotesquely to the left. Team Directs Traffic in Crowded Skies", "Airlines organizing Haiti earthquake aid", http://www.fly.faa.gov/adv/adv_otherdis.jsp?advn=33&adv_date=01152010&facId=DCC&title=MTPP+GROUND+STOP&titleDate=01/15/10, "US to help Haiti resume normal airport operations", "Haitians return to find family as commercial flights restart", United Nations Security Council Resolution 1908, We Are the World 25 for Haiti (YouTube edition), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Damage_to_infrastructure_in_the_2010_Haiti_earthquake&oldid=1003937693, Articles with dead external links from August 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 January 2021, at 11:45. A runoff election was held on March 20, 2011, between the top two candidates: popular musician Michel Martelly and Mirlande Manigat, a legal scholar and the wife of a former president of Haiti. Fox 10, WALA TV/Associated Press, Mobile, AL, Jan 14, UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport, United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti, Air Traffic Control System Command Center, List of populated places affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake, "INTERVIEW-Haitian education system 'totally collapsed, http://worldfocus.org/blog/2010/01/14/haiti%E2%80%99s-poor-infrastructure-accelerates-heavy-death-toll/9256/, "Aid workers face frightening challenges in wake of massive quake in Haiti", "Only one hospital open in Haiti's quake-hit capital", "Haitian Earthquake Causes Hospital Collapse", "Haitians show fortitude in face of disaster", "UN PROVIDES GENERATOR FOR A HOSPITAL IN HAITI", "Haiti seaport damage complicates relief efforts", "Many casualties expected after big quake in Haiti", Statement From Digicel on Haiti Earthquake, Countless emergency calls from Haiti earthquake victims simply not getting through, "Update from Trilogy: five employees killed in Haiti", "Earthquake Sets Back Haiti's Efforts to Improve Telecommunications - WSJ.com", "Radio stations getting back on the air in Port-au-Prince", "Haitian journalist describes scenes of death and destruction", "Haïti: les rescapés évacués à la Martinique décrivent le "chaos, "Info – Séisme à Haïti: les autorités s'attendent au pire", Washington Post: Haiti's president narrowly missed injury in quake, "U.S. Of these, over one million were left homeless in the immediate aftermath. Haiti Earthquake, Deforestation Heighten Landslide Risk The combination of widespread deforestation and the recent earthquake in Haiti could lead to … As the spring rainy season and summer hurricane season approached with reconstruction efforts having made little progress, residents of tent settlements were encouraged by aid agencies to construct more-substantial dwellings using tarpaulins and, later, donated lumber and sheet metal. In November 2011 several organizations filed claims against the United Nations asking that it take responsibility for the outbreak, install new water and waste-management systems, and compensate those who fell ill or lost relatives to cholera. Figures released by Haitian government officials at the end of March placed the death toll at 222,570 people, though there was significant disagreement over the exact figure, and some estimated that nearly a hundred thousand more had perished. 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